Pain management in hospitalized children: unveiling barriers from the nursing perspective.

OBJECTIVE: To understand nursing team perceptions about the barriers in pain management in the care of hospitalized children. METHOD: Descriptive-exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, conducted with eight nurses and seven nursing technicians. Data were collected at the Universidade de São Paulo University Hospital, between June and September 2022, through individual interviews, analyzed from the perspective of thematic content analysis and in the light of Symbolic Interactionism. RESULTS: The following categories emerged: 1) Knowledge translation: is pain management actuallyperformed? and 2) Reflecting changes: how to achieve the potential of pain management? Professionals have theoretical knowledge about pain management, however, they listed numerous barriers at each stage, mainly related to institutional routine, and, when reflecting on this context, they indicated the need for an institutional protocol. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Barriers stand out from theoretical knowledge and make pain management for hospitalized children disregarded. Knowing this context is relevant forimplementing change strategies.

Fatores associados à prevalência de cicatrização de feridas crônicas em uma unidade de saúde da família / Factors associated with the prevalence of chronic wound healing in a family health unit / Factores asociados a la prevalencia de cicatrización de heridas crónicas en una unidad de salud familiar

Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados à prevalência de cicatrização em pacientes com feridas crônicas. Método: estudo transversal, em pacientes com feridas crônicas de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família, em Salvador, Bahia. Os dados foram coletados de fontes secundárias disponíveis na planilha de acompanhamento dos pacientes, analisando como desfecho os níveis de cicatrização das feridas crônicas. Resultados: foram verificadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes nas variáveis faixa etária e dor, em que a proporção de apresentar os piores índices de cicatrização foi 77,78% maior entre os pacientes adultos quando comparada aos idosos; e a proporção de apresentar os piores índices de cicatrização entre os pacientes com dor intensa/muito intensa foi 80% maior quando comparada aos pacientes sem dor. Conclusão: ficou evidente a importância de desenvolver estratégias voltadas ao estilo de vida, adesão ao tratamento, manejo da dor, bem como utilização de instrumentos qualitativos para avaliação dos fatores que possam interferir na cicatrização.

Objective: to analyze the factors associated with the prevalence of healing in patients with chronic wounds. Method: cross-sectional study, in patients with chronic wounds at a Family Health Unit, in Salvador, Bahia. Data were collected from secondary sources available in the patient monitoring spreadsheet, analyzing the healing levels of chronic wounds as the outcome. Results: statistically significant differences were found in the variable age group and pain, in which the proportion of those presenting the worst healing rates was 77.78% higher among adult patients when compared to the elderly; and the proportion of patients with intense/very intense pain presenting the worst healing rates was 80% higher when compared to patients without pain. Conclusion: the importance of developing strategies focused on lifestyle, adherence to treatment, pain management, as well as the use of qualitative instruments to evaluate factors that may interfere with healing.

Objetivos:analizar los factores asociados a la prevalencia de curación en pacientes con heridas crónicas. Método: estudio transversal, en pacientes con heridas crónicas en una Unidad de Salud de la Familia, en Salvador, Bahía. Los datos se recopilaron de fuentes secundarias disponibles en la hoja de seguimiento de pacientes, analizando como resultado los niveles de curación de las heridas crónicas. Resultados: se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variables grupo de edad y dolor, siendo la proporción de quienes tuvieron peores tasas de curación 77,78% mayor entre los pacientes adultos en comparación con los ancianos; y la proporción de pacientes con dolor intenso/muy intenso que presentaron peores tasas de curación fue un 80% mayor en comparación con los pacientes sin dolor. Conclusión: se evidenció la importancia de desarrollar estrategias enfocadas en el estilo de vida, la adherencia al tratamiento, el manejo del dolor, así como el uso de instrumentos cualitativos para evaluar factores que puedan interferir en la curación.

Percepção da equipe de enfermagem no manejo da dor no recém-nascido / Perception of the nursing team in pain management newborn

Introdução: Recém-nascidos de qualquer idade gestacional são capazes de reconhecer, processar e responder a estímulos dolorosos. Garantir a segurança e alívio do tratamento da dor é uma responsabilidade ética do profissional da saúde, pois é reconhecido que a maior parte da dor testada em bebês pode ser precavida ou aliviada. Objetivo: Compreender a percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem no manejo da dor no recém-nascido. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de um hospital escola do interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A amostragem empregada foi intencional, com a participação de 11 profissionais, enfermeiros e técnicos em enfermagem. A coleta de dados se deu através de entrevista audiogravada em mídia digital portátil, guiada por uma pergunta norteadora. A análise de dados foi realizada com base na Análise de Conteúdo Temática de Bardin. Resultados: Emergiram três categorias temáticas: Métodos no manejo da dor do recém-nascido, Práticas de humanização e Percepção da avaliação da dor do recém-nascido, demonstrando que a equipe de enfermagem apresenta conhecimento e técnicas abrangentes em relação à percepção no manejo da dor do recém-nascido. Conclusão: Compreender a percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem no manejo da dor no recém nascido é importante, entretanto faz-se necessário a implantação de atividades que amplifiquem o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem para adequado tratamento e controle da dor no RN

Introduction: Newborns of any gestational age are able to recognize, process and respond to painful stimuli. Ensuring the safety and relief of pain treatment is an ethical responsibility of the health professional, as it is recognized that most pain tested in infants can be cautious or relieved. Objective: To understand the perception of nursing professionals in the management of pain in the newborn. Method: This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a teaching hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The sample used was intentional, with the participation of 11 professionals, nurses and nursing technicians. Data collection took place through an audio interview recorded on portable digital media, guided by a guiding question. Data analysis was performed based on Bardin's Thematic Content Analysis. Results: Three thematic categories emerged: Methods in the management of newborn pain, Humanization practices and Perception of newborn pain assessment nursing team presents comprehensive knowledge and techniques in relation to the perception in the management of pain of the newborn. Conclusion: Understanding the perception of nursing professionals in the management of pain in newborns is important, however, it is necessary to implement activities that expand the knowledge of the nursing team for adequate treatment and control of pain in newborns

Introducción: Los recién nacidos de cualquier edad gestacional son capaces de reconocer, procesar y responder a estímulos dolorosos. Garantizar la seguridad y el alivio del manejo del dolor es una responsabilidad ética del profesional de la salud, ya que se reconoce que la mayoría de los dolores probados en los bebés se pueden prevenir o aliviar. Objetivo: Comprender la percepción de los profesionales de enfermería sobre el manejo del dolor en el recién nacido. Método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con abordaje cualitativo, realizado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales de un hospital escuela del interior del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. El muestreo utilizado fue intencional, con la participación de 11 profesionales, enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas grabadas en audio en medios digitales portátiles, guiadas por una pregunta orientadora. El análisis de datos se realizó con base en el Análisis de Contenido Temático de Bardin. Resultados: Surgieron tres categorías temáticas: Métodos para el manejo del dolor en el recién nacido, Prácticas de humanización y Evaluación de la percepción del dolor en el recién nacido, demostrando que el equipo de enfermería posee conocimientos y técnicas integrales en relación a la percepción en el manejo del dolor del recién nacido. Conclusión: Comprender la percepción de los profesionales de enfermería en el manejo del dolor en el recién nacido es importante, sin embargo, es necesario implementar actividades que amplíen el conocimiento del equipo de enfermería para el adecuado tratamiento y control del dolor en el recién nacido

Dor total em pacientes oncológicos: uma revisão integrativa da literatura / Dolor total en pacientes con cancer: revisión integradora de la literatura / Total pain in cancer patients: the integrative literature review

RESUMO A dor é um dos sintomas mais temidos por pacientes oncológicos e precisa ser considerada em sua integralidade. Com o objetivo de atender esse desafio, os cuidados paliativos previnem e aliviam o sofrimento de pacientes que enfrentam doenças que ameaçam a vida, pela identificação precoce, avaliação e intervenção correta da dor, considerando a integralidade do ser, por meio de quatro componentes da dor total: física, psíquica, social e espiritual. Para entender essa complexidade, a presente pesquisa objetiva analisar a produção científica nacional e internacional sobre dor total em pacientes oncológicos. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, selecionando artigos publicados em português e inglês entre 2014 e 2019, nas bases de dados da Scientific Electronic Library Online e do portal PubMed, por meio de quatro combinações de descritores e booleanos, encontrando-se 21.548 arquivos. Após a aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, foram selecionados 25 artigos. Prevaleceram os estudos em inglês, quantitativos e realizados por médicos. Eles sinalizaram que, dentre os sintomas, a dor é o mais prevalente na doença oncológica e o maior responsável por influenciar negativamente a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Sinalizaram a dificuldade dos profissionais de saúde em diagnosticar e tratar a dor de forma multidimensional e a ausência de instrumentos e protocolos que norteiam essa avaliação. Conclui-se que, para a identificação e tratamento eficaz da dor de paciente em cuidados paliativos, ela deve ser considerada em sua integralidade. Para tal, fazem-se necessárias a capacitação de profissionais de saúde e a criação de instrumentos que os auxiliem no manejo dessa dor que se expressa de forma total.

RESUMEN El dolor es uno de los sintomas más temidos por los pacientes con cancer y debe considerarse em su totalidad. Para hacer frente a este desafio, los cuidados paliativos previenen y alivian el sufrimiento de pacientes que enfrentan enfermedades potencialmente mortales, a través de la identificación prematura, evaluación e intervención correcta del dolor, considerando la integralidad del ser, por medio de cuatro componentes del dolor total: física, psíquica, social y espiritual. La presente investigación objetiva examinar la producción científica nacional e internacional sobre dolor total en pacientes oncológicos. Se llevó a cabo una revisión integrativa de la literatura, seleccionando artículos publicados en portugués e inglés, entre 2014 y 2019, en las bases de datos de Scielo y del portal PubMed, encontrándose 21.548 archivos. Tras la aplicación de los criterios de exclusión, fueron seleccionado 25 artículos. Han prevalecido los estudios en inglés, cuantitativos y realizados por médicos. Ellos señalaron que, de entre los síntomas, el dolor es lo más prevalente en lo cancer y el mayor responsable por influenciar negativamente la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Han señalado la dificultad de los profesionales de salud en diagnosticar y tratar el dolor de forma multidimensional y la ausencia de instrumentos y protocolos que guían esa evaluación. Se concluyó que, para la identificación y tratamiento eficaz del dolor de paciente en cuidados paliativos, ella debe ser considerada en su grado completo. Se hacen necesarias la capacitación de profesionales de salud y la creación de instrumentos que los auxilien en el manejo de ese dolor que se expresa de manera total.

ABSTRACT Pain is one of the most feared symptoms by cancer patients and needs to be considered in its entirety. In order to meet this challenge, palliative care, it prevents and alleviates suffering of patients facing life-threatening illnesses, through early identification, assessment and correct intervention in pain that should be considered from the perspective of the whole being, through four components of total pain: physical, psychic, social and spiritual. To understand this complexity, this research aims to investigate the national and international scientific production about total pain in cancer patients. An integrative literature review was peformed, selecting articles published in Portuguese and English, between 2014 and 2019 in the Scientific Electronic Library Online and Pubmed portal databases, using four combinations of descriptors and booleans, with 21,548 files. After applying the exclusion criteria, 25 articles were selected. Studies in English, quantitative and performed by doctors, prevailed. They pointed that among the symptoms, pain is the most prevalent in cancer disease and the major responsible for influencing patients' quality of life negatively. They pointed out the difficulty of health professionals in diagnosing and treating pain in a multidimensional way, with few instruments and protocols that guide the assessment. The conclusion is that for the identification and effective treatment of pain in palliative care patients, the treatment must be considered in its entirety. For this, it is necessary the qualification of health professionals and the creation of instruments that help them to manage pain in its full expression.

Assistência de enfermeiros a crianças em cuidados paliativos: estudo à luz da teoria de Jean Watson / Asistencia de enfermeros a niños en cuidados paliativos: un estudio a la luz de la teoría de Jean Watson / Nurses assistance to children in palliative care: a study in the light of Jean Watson's theory

Resumo Objetivo Compreender a assistência de enfermeiros a crianças com câncer em cuidados paliativos à luz da Teoria de Jean Watson. Método Estudo qualitativo, tendo como referencial a teoria de Jean Watson, realizado com dez enfermeiros assistenciais de um hospital de referência em câncer de João Pessoa, PB. A coleta do material empírico ocorreu entre outubro e dezembro de 2020, por meio da técnica de entrevista semiestruturada, posteriormente analisado sob a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados Os depoimentos dos enfermeiros trouxeram reflexões contundentes acerca dos conhecimentos no campo da enfermagem oncológica, com ênfase na assistência a crianças em cuidados paliativos, uma vez que as estratégias implementadas neste cenário são coerentes com a Teoria de Jean Watson, pautada nos elementos contidos no Processo Clinical Caritas. Conclusão e Implicações para a prática A atuação dos enfermeiros a partir de uma assistência humanizada, com o escopo na promoção de conforto e alívio da dor e nas práticas dialógicas, lúdicas e transpessoais, é imprescindível neste processo de doença. Deste modo, as estratégias identificadas poderão contribuir para a prática clínica de enfermeiros ao cuidar de crianças com câncer em cuidados paliativos, fundamentada na Teoria de Jean Watson.

Resumen Objetivo Comprender los cuidados que brindan los enfermeros a los niños con cáncer en cuidados paliativos a la luz de la Teoría de Jean Watson. Método Estudio cualitativo, basado en la Teoría de Jean Watson, realizado con diez enfermeros clínicos de un hospital de referencia en cáncer de João Pessoa, Paraíba. La recolección del material empírico se realizó entre octubre y diciembre de 2020, mediante la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada, posteriormente analizado bajo la Técnica de Análisis de Contenido. Resultados Los testimonios de los enfermeros aportaron fuertes reflexiones sobre el conocimiento en el campo de la enfermería oncológica, con énfasis en la asistencia a los niños en cuidados paliativos, ya que las estrategias implementadas en este escenario son coherentes con la Teoría de Jean Watson, a partir de los elementos contenidos en el Proceso Clinical Caritas. Conclusión e Implicaciones para la práctica El papel del enfermero a partir de la prestación de un cuidado humanizado, enfocado en la promoción del confort y del alivio del dolor y en las prácticas dialógicas, lúdicas y transpersonales, es fundamental en este proceso patológico. Así, las estrategias identificadas pueden contribuir para la práctica clínica del enfermero en el cuidado de niños con cáncer en cuidados paliativos, con base en la Teoría de Jean Watson.

Abstract Objective To understand the care provided by nurses to children with cancer in palliative care in the light of Jean Watson's Theory. Method Qualitative study, based on Jean Watson's theory, carried out with ten clinical nurses from a reference hospital for cancer in João Pessoa, PB. The collection of empirical material took place between October and December 2020, through the semi-structured interview technique, later analyzed under the Content Analysis Technique. Results The nurses' testimonies brought strong reflections on knowledge in the field of oncology nursing, with an emphasis on assistance to children in palliative care, since the strategies implemented in this scenario are consistent with Jean Watson's Theory, based on the elements contained in the Clinical Caritas Process. Conclusion and Implications for practice The role of nurses based on humanized care, with the scope of promoting comfort and pain relief, and dialogical, playful and transpersonal practices, is essential in this disease process. In this way, the identified strategies may contribute to the clinical practice of nurses, when caring for children with cancer in palliative care, based on Jean Watson's Theory.

Impacto de una investigación-acción participativa en el manejo del dolor de mayores con demencia (AU) / Impact of a participatory action research on pain management in older adults with dementia

Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto del uso de la investigación-acción participativa como método de investigación en la mejora del manejo del dolor de las personas mayores con demencia atendidos en una unidad de geriatría de agudos. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo-interpretativo enmarcado en las fases 3 y 4 de una investigación-acción participativa según el modelo propuesto por Kemmis y McTaggart. Las participantes fueron las enfermeras de la unidad de geriatría de agudos que habían participado en las 2 fases anteriores. Para la recolección de datos se usó un cuestionario con preguntas cerradas y preguntas abiertas. Para los datos cuantitativos se utilizó un análisis descriptivo y para los cualitativos, análisis del contenido. Resultados: El programa formativo, como intervención investigación-acción participativa, mejoró el conocimiento de las enfermeras. Este aprendizaje podría contribuir a modificar su práctica y a mejorar los resultados en los pacientes. Además, las enfermeras manifestaron que el programa les motivó a reflexionar sobre su práctica tanto a nivel individual como colectivo y les ha hecho tomar conciencia de la importancia que tiene un óptimo manejo del dolor en los mayores con demencia. El hecho de participar en las reuniones y discutir con sus compañeras sobre su práctica contribuyó a aprender nuevas formas de llevar a cabo acciones en relación con el manejo del dolor y promocionó el trabajo en equipo. Conclusiones: Un proceso de investigación-acción participativa puede ser una buena metodología para introducir y mantener cambios en la práctica enfermera para la mejora del manejo del dolor en personas mayores con demencia (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the use of participatory action-research as a research method to improve pain management in older people with dementia treated in a Geriatric Acute Unit. Methodology: Descriptive-interpretive study framed in phases three and four of a participatory action-research according to the Kemmis and McTaggart's model. Participants were the nurses from the acute geriatrics unit who had participated in the 2 previous phases. For data collection, a questionnaire with closed questions and open questions was used. Descriptive analysis was used for quantitative data and content analysis for categorical data. Results: The training program, as a participatory action research intervention, improved the nurses’ knowledge. This learning could help modify nurses’ practice and improve patient outcomes. In addition, the nurses stated that it motivated them to reflect on their practice both individually and collectively and made them aware of the importance of optimal pain management in the elderly with dementia. The fact of participating in the focus group and discussing their practice with their colleagues contributed to learning new ways of carrying out actions in relation to pain management and promoted teamwork. Conclusions: A participatory action-research process can be a good methodology to introduce and maintain changes in nursing practice to improve pain management in older people with dementia (AU)

Nursing care for children with cancer in palliative care: scoping review / Atención de enfermería a niños con cáncer en cuidados paliativos: scoping review / Assistência de enfermagem à criança com câncer em cuidados paliativos: scoping review

ABSTRACT Objective: to map the scientific production disseminated in electronic databases regarding Nursing care for children with cancer in palliative care. Methods: a scoping review based on the method recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute was carried out. The search for publications was carried out in six libraries and/or databases covering research from 2010 to 2020. Results: 34 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included. Most studies were published in 2014 in English, and Brazil was the country that stood out. The most prevalent themes of the studies referred to care strategies (mainly related to relieving suffering and therapeutic communication) and the difficulties experienced by Nursing professionals facing complex care (e.g., emotional distress and lack of preparation to deal with terminality). Conclusion: the evidence from the studies highlights the relevance of palliative care in promoting the quality of life of children with cancer and the challenges that need to be overcome so that it can be applied in practice. Hence, the data refer to the fact that, in order to affect the care, which is still being deficiently performed, the main strategies that must be implemented in health services by nurses are: pain control, family support, teamwork, and offering training for professionals. In view of the above, we hope that this mapping can subsidize new research in the sense that it is possible to shed more light on the field of study of palliative care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: mapear la producción científica, difundida en bases de datos electrónicas, sobre los cuidados de enfermería a niños con cáncer en cuidados paliativos. Métodos: revisión del tipo de Scoping Review, basado en la metodología recomendada por el Instituto Joanna Briggs. La búsqueda de publicaciones se realizó en seis bibliotecas y/o bases de datos, en el periodo comprendido entre 2010 y 2020. Resultados: se incluyeron 34 artículos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. La mayoría de los estudios se publicaron en 2014, en inglés, y Brasil fue el país que se destacó. Los temas más frecuentes identificados por los estudios se refieren a las estrategias de atención (principalmente relacionadas con el alivio del sufrimiento y la comunicación terapéutica); y las dificultades experimentadas por los profesionales de enfermería que se enfrentan a una atención compleja (que implican angustia emocional y falta de preparación para afrontar la terminalidad). Conclusión: los datos de los estudios ponen de manifiesto la importancia de los cuidados paliativos para promover la calidad de vida de los niños con cáncer y los retos que hay que superar para que puedan aplicarse en la práctica. Así, para hacer efectivos los cuidados, que todavía se realizan de forma deficitaria, los datos hacen referencia a las principales estrategias que deben ser implementadas en los servicios sanitarios por parte de las enfermeras: el control del dolor, el apoyo a la familia, el trabajo en equipo y la formación de los profesionales. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se espera que este mapeo pueda subvencionar nuevos estudios, de modo que se pueda comprender mejor el campo de estudio de los cuidados paliativos.

RESUMO Objetivo: mapear a produção científica, disseminada em bases de dados eletrônicas, acerca da assistência de Enfermagem à criança com câncer em cuidados paliativos. Métodos: revisão do tipo Scoping Review fundamentada na metodologia recomendada pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs. As buscas das publicações foram realizadas em seis bibliotecas e/ou bases de dados contemplando estudos do período de 2010 a 2020. Resultados: foram incluídos 34 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. A maior parte dos estudos foi publicada em 2014, no idioma inglês, sendo o Brasil o país que obteve destaque. As temáticas de maior prevalência apontadas pelos estudos se referiam às estratégias de atenção (principalmente relacionadas ao alívio do sofrimento e à comunicação terapêutica) e às dificuldades vivenciadas por profissionais de Enfermagem diante de um cuidado complexo (a exemplo do desgaste emocional e da falta de preparo para lidar com a terminalidade). Conclusão: as evidências dos estudos destacam a relevância dos cuidados paliativos na promoção da qualidade de vida de crianças com câncer e nos desafios que precisam ser superados, para que ocorra sua aplicação na prática. Assim, os dados referenciam que, para efetivar o cuidado, que ainda vem sendo realizado de forma deficitária, as principais estratégias que necessitam ser implementadas nos serviços de saúde por enfermeiros são: controle da dor, apoio à família, trabalho em equipe e oferta de treinamentos para os profissionais. Diante do exposto, espera-se que este mapeamento possa subsidiar novas pesquisas, no sentido de que seja possível compreender melhor o campo de estudo do cuidar paliativo.

Determination of prevalence, characteristics, management and related factors for pain in the older adults: pain among nursing home residents

This study aimed to determine pain assessment approaches and pain management strategies in elderly people in a nursing home.The cross-sectional-descriptive study sample consisted of 147 older adults living in a nursing home in Turkey in 2019. They all agreed to participate in the study (n = 147); however, as our research was about older adultswith pain problems, the study was completed with a total of 108 older adultsexperiencing pain problems. The participants' average age was 73.60 ± 6.97 years. Geriatric pain scale scores were higher for women aged 75 years and over, those who had a chronic disease and those who received analgesics, and there was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores (p < 0.05). Nurses must pay attention to pain assessment and management in nursing homes because of the adverse effects of pain on older adults' health status, vital functions, and well-being.

Construção de um bundle para alívio da dor na punção arterial norteado pela Tradução do Conhecimento / Elaboración de un paquete de atención para aliviar el dolor en la punción arterial guiado por Traducción del conocimiento / Elaboration of a bundle for pain relief in arterial puncture guided by Knowledge Translation

RESUMO Objetivo descrever o processo de construção e estratégias de implementação de um bundle para alívio da dor durante a punção arterial do bebê hospitalizado. Métodos estudo de abordagem qualitativa feito em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, por meio de rodas de conversa realizadas com a equipe de enfermagem. A coleta dos dados ocorreu de fevereiro a maio de 2019. Resultados os encontros levaram à construção de um bundle composto por quatro itens, formatado ludicamente e que deveria ser anexado à incubadora, previamente à realização da punção. Conclusões e Implicações para a prática o processo estimulou a reflexão crítica acerca da própria prática e os profissionais referiram ao uso do bundle como algo possível dentro da unidade, mediante um planejamento para sua inclusão na rotina assistencial. O estudo é pioneiro e apresenta caráter de inovação ao utilizar o bundle para aliviar algo multifacetado como a dor no período neonatal. Apesar de ser algo criado especificamente para a punção arterial, o mesmo pode ser aplicado em demais procedimentos que potencialmente geram dor aguda, uma vez que o foco principal é sempre minimizar o desconforto sentido pelo bebê.

RESUMEN Objetivo describir el proceso de elaboración y las estrategias de implementación de un paquete de atención para aliviar el dolor durante la punción arterial de bebés internados. Métodos estudio de enfoque cualitativo realizado en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales a través de rondas de conversación realizadas con el equipo de Enfermería. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar de febrero a mayo de 2019. Resultados las reuniones derivaron en la elaboración de un paquete de atención que consta de cuatro elementos, formateados en forma lúdica y que deben adjuntarse a la incubadora antes de la punción. Conclusiones e Implicaciones para la práctica El proceso estimuló la reflexión crítica sobre la propia práctica y los profesionales mencionaron el uso del paquete de atención como algo viable dentro de la unidad, a través de la planificación para su inclusión en la rutina de atención. El estudio es pionero y presenta un carácter innovador al utilizar el paquete de atención para aliviar algo multifacético como el dolor en el período neonatal. A pesar de haber sido creado específicamente para la punción arterial, también puede aplicarse en otros procedimientos con potencial para generar dolor agudo, ya que el enfoque principal siempre es minimizar las molestias que siente el bebé.

ABSTRACT Objective to describe the elaboration process and implementation strategies of a bundle for pain relief during arterial puncture in hospitalized infants. Methods a qualitative approach study carried out in a neonatal intensive care unit, through conversation circles held with the Nursing team. Data collection took place from February to May 2019. Results the meetings led to the elaboration of a bundle consisting of four items, in a playful format, and which should be attached to the incubator prior to the puncture. Conclusion and Implications for the practice The process stimulated critical reflection about the practice itself and the professionals mentioned use of the bundle as something feasible within the unit, through planning for its inclusion in the care routine. The study is pioneering and presents an innovative character when using the bundle to relieve a multifaceted issue such as pain in the neonatal period. Despite having been specifically created for arterial puncture, it can also be applied in other procedures that potentially generate acute pain, as the main focus is always to minimize the discomfort felt by the infant.

Manejo da dor durante a punção arterial no neonato: estudo descritivo / Manejo del dolor durante la punción arterial en neonatos: estudio descriptivo / Pain management during arterial puncture in newborns: a descriptive study

RESUMO Objetivo descrever as medidas de alívio da dor aplicadas pela equipe de enfermagem durante a punção arterial no neonato e os escores de dor no momento do procedimento. Método estudo descritivo, quantitativo, realizado entre outubro de 2018 e janeiro de 2019, em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal no Noroeste do Paraná, por meio da observação não participantes de 192 punções arteriais, com respectiva mensuração dos escores de dor. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos. Resultados das 192 punções somente 34 foram analisadas quanto às medidas de alívio e escores de dor, os quais se mostraram elevados. As demais punções foram excluídas, devido perda da monitorização durante o procedimento. Conclusão evidenciou-se pouco uso de intervenções relacionadas ao alívio da dor por parte da equipe. O processo de observação constatou a presença de dor intensa.

RESUMEN Objetivo describir las medidas de alivio del dolor aplicadas por el equipo de enfermería durante la punción arterial en neonatos y las escalas de puntuación de dolor en el momento del procedimiento. Método estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, realizado entre octubre de 2018 y enero de 2019, en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales del noroeste de Paraná, mediante observación no participante de 192 punciones arteriales, con medición respectiva de puntuaciones de dolor. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética para la Investigación con Seres Humanos. Resultados de las 192 punciones, solo 34 fueron analizadas en cuanto a las medidas de alivio y puntuaciones de dolor que fueron elevadas. Se excluyeron las otras punciones debido a la pérdida del monitoreo durante el procedimiento. Conclusión el equipo utilizó poco las intervenciones relacionadas con el alivio del dolor. El proceso de observación verificó la presencia de dolor intenso.

ABSTRACT Objective to describe pain relief measures applied by the nursing team during arterial puncture in neonates, and pain scores during the procedure. Method this descriptive, quantitative study was conducted between October 2018 and January 2019 at a neonatal intensive care unit in northwestern Paraná, by non-participant observation of 192 arterial punctures and measurement of the respective pain scores. The study was approved by the human research ethics committee. Results of the 192 punctures, only 34 were examined for relief measures and pain scores; the latter were found to be high. The other punctures were excluded for loss of monitoring during the procedure. Conclusion pain-relief interventions were little used by the team. The observation process found intense pain.

Nonpharmacologic approaches to pain management.

ABSTRACT: This article discusses nonpharmacologic pain management interventions for alternative or concomitant use with nonopioid medications. Potential barriers as well as facilitators to integrating nonpharmacologic interventions are discussed as they relate to nursing practice.

The Effect of a Nurse Initiated Therapeutic Conversation Compared to Standard Care for Patients With Acute Pain in the ED: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Acute pain is a common presenting complaint in the emergency department (ED) and is most often treated with opioid or nonopioid analgesia. However, studies have shown that receiving analgesia alone does not always influence patient satisfaction with pain management in the ED. Pain anxiety and catastrophizing have been shown to affect pain intensity and patients' response to analgesia. The objective of this study was to determine whether a brief therapeutic conversation would improve patient satisfaction with pain management compared with standard care for adult patients presenting to the ED with moderate to severe acute pain. Adult (18 years or older) patients presenting to the ED with moderate to severe acute pain were randomized to either the standard care group or the intervention group. Patients in the intervention group participated in a brief therapeutic conversation with an ED nurse to discuss their perceived cause of pain, level of anxiety, and expectations of their pain management. Prior to discharge, all patients were asked to complete a self-reported, 9-item questionnaire to assess their level of satisfaction with their overall ED experience. A total of 166 patients (83 in each group) were enrolled. Patient satisfaction with ED pain management and the proportion of patients who received analgesia in the ED were similar in both the control (n = 57; 68.7%) and intervention (n = 58; 69.9%) groups (Δ 1.2%; 95% CI [12.6, 15]). Qualitative findings demonstrate that patients place high importance on acknowledgment from ED staff and worry about the unknown cause of pain. This study suggests that patient satisfaction with pain management in the ED is multifactorial and complex. Further research should investigate additional methods of integrating nurse-led interventions into the care of patients in acute pain.

Abordaje no farmacológico del dolor en pediatría desde la perspectiva de enfermería: Aplicación de materiales audiovisuales y buzzy® / Non-pharmacological approach to pain in pediatrics from the nursing perspective: Application of audiovisual materials and buzzy®

Objetivo: Evaluacion del abordaje multidisciplinario del dolor pediátrico.Metodo: Revisión sistemática de la bibliografía más actualizada acerca del tema en los buscadores médicos Pubmed, Cuiden, Scielo, Cochrane Library y Cinahl. Aplicando en los motores de búsqueda los términos: “Pain Assessment”, “Pain Measurement” “Pain Management” “Nonpharmacologic treatment”, realizando una acotación a aquellos artículos escritos en castellano e inglés y con fecha de publicación posterior a enero de 2015.Resultados y Discusión: Se ha tratado la identificación de la intensidad del dolor que requiere de un abordaje complejo y no existe un método de evaluación que se muestre superior a otro. Parece por tanto adecuado la aplicación de la combinación del autoregistro por parte del paciente siempre que sea posible, la familia y la aplicación de escalas de aplicación sistematizada por parte de personal cualificado para ello. Para la aplicación de las escalas parece conveniente la utilización según la validación de estas en determinados grupos de pacientes y lo familiarizado que este el personal encargado de registrarlas. El tratamiento farmacológico está siendo desarrollado amplia y eficazmente como medida complementaria a las formas habituales de tratamiento del dolor. Estas medidas en su mayoría de las veces por su fácil aplicación, escaso coste y casi nulo riesgo de iatrogenia se están implementando en la mayoría de las unidades de atención pediátrica. Esta aplicación de medidas exige de la creatividad y capacitación continua del personal que las lleve a cabo y de una correcta evaluación del dolor en cada momento de la asistencia.Conclusión: El control del dolor y la ansiedad que asocia son un desafío de abordaje multidisciplinar en el que la enfermería cumple un gran papel, desde su posición tanto de realizadora de la gran mayoría de procedimientos que pueden desencadenarlo como desde la aplicación de las medidas no farmacológicas.(AU)

Objective: Evaluation of the multidisciplinary approach to pediatric pain.Method: Systematic review of the most up-to-date bibliography on the subject in the medical search engines Pubmed, Cuiden, Scielo, Cochrane Library and Cinahl. Applying in the search engines the terms: “Pain Assessment”, “Pain Measurement” “Pain Management” “Nonpharmacologic treatment”, making a limitation to those articles written in Spanish and English and with a publication date after January 2015.Results and Discussion: The identification of the intensity of pain that requires a complex approach has been discussed and there is no evaluation method that is superior to another. Therefore, the application of the combination of self-registration by the patient whenever possible, the family, and the application of systematized application scales by qualified personnel seems appropriate. For the application of the scales, it seems advisable to use them according to their validation in certain groups of patients and how familiar the personnel in charge of registering them are. Pharmacological treatment is being widely and effectively developed as a complementary measure to the usual forms of pain management. These measures, mostly due to their easy application, low cost and almost zero risk of iatrogenesis, are being implemented in most pediatric care units. This application of measures requires the creativity and continuous training of the personnel who carry them out and a correct assessment of pain at each moment of assistance.Conclusion: The control of pain and associated anxiety are a multidisciplinary approach challenge in which nursing plays a great role, both from its position as the director of the vast majority of procedures that can trigger it and from the application of non-functional measures. pharmacological.(AU)

Non-pharmacological pain management practice and barriers among nurses working in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with or resembling that actual or potential tissue damage. Different study findings show that about 55% to 78.6% of inpatients experience moderate-to-severe pain. Nurses are one of the health professional who may hear of pain suffered by the patients and who can manage patient suffering by themselves. Therefore, their correct skill is very important in non- pharmacology and pharmacology pain management methods. OBJECTIVE: To assess non-pharmacological pain management practice and barriers among nurses working in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. METHODS: Data were collected using structured observational check list with interviewer administered questionnaires that measure nurses' practice on non-pharmacological pain management. Data were entered using Epi Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS (Stastical Package for Social Sciences) version 23. Bivariable and multivariable analysis were conducted to examine the association between independent and outcome variables. RESULTS: A total of 169 nurses participated in the study, with a response rate of 100%. Among the study participants 94 (55.6%) were females, and the mean age of nurses were 34.9(SD = 5.7) years. Only 44(26%) of nurses had good practice on non- pharmacology pain management methods. About 130(77.55%), 125(74.0%), and 123(72.8%) of nurses reported that inadequate cooperation of physicians, multiple responsibilities of nurses and insufficient number of nurses per patient ratio as barriers for practice of non -pharmacology pain management respectively. CONCLUSION: Majority of nurses didn't apply non-pharmacological pain management practices for their patients in pain and the overall practice level of nurses was very poor. The major identified obstacle factors for the poor practice of non-pharmacological pain management methods were nurses' fatigue, inadequate cooperation of physicians, heavy workload, multiple responsibilities of nurses, and insufficient number of nurses per patient ratio and unfavorable attitude of nurse on non-pharmacology pain management. Even if nurses experiences different challenges, they shall use non-pharmacological pain management methods complementary to pharmacological treatment of pain as they are low cost and safe. And also boosting nurse's attitude towards the effect of non-pharmacological pain management methods is crucial.

Con E de enfermera Anestesia, reanimación y terapia del dolor / With E for nurse Anesthesia, resuscitation and pain therapy

Antonia Ballesteros es secretaria de la Asociación Española de Enfermeras de Anestesia, Reanimación y Terapia del Dolor (ASEEDAR-TD), representante española de The International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (IFNA) y miembro del Grupo de investigación en cuidados, cronicidad y evidencias en salud Cures (idisBa). Nos atiende para hablar sobre las necesidades de los pacientes en terapia del dolor, de los diferentes tratamientos y del papel de las enfermeras en este ámbito.(AU)

Pain Quality Among Hospitalized Postcraniotomy Brain Tumor Patients.

PURPOSE/AIMS: The aim of this study was to describe how persons given a diagnosis of a brain tumor who have had a craniotomy describe the quality of their pain after surgery. DESIGN: A qualitative descriptive design was used. METHODS: Qualitative descriptive methods as described by Sandelowski guided this study. Semistructured interviews were conducted with patients hospitalized on a neurological step-down unit in an urban teaching hospital in the Midwestern United States. Interviews focused on the quality of participants' pain after surgery. Narratives were analyzed using standard content analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-seven participants were interviewed. Most were White and female. Most underwent a craniotomy using an anterior approach with sedation. Participants described the quality of their pain with 6 different types of descriptors: pain as pressure, pain as tender or sore, pain as stabbing, pain as throbbing, pain as jarring, and pain as itching. CONCLUSIONS: Participants' descriptions of their pain quality after surgery provide a different understanding than do numerical pain ratings. Clinicians should use questions to explore patients' individual pain experiences, seeking to understand the quality of patients' pain and their perceptions.

Hematoma Block: An Effective Alternative for Pain Management and Procedural Sedation.

Management of traumatic extremity injuries in the emergency department is typically time consuming, often requiring multiple resources including pain control and procedural sedation. A hematoma block is a safe and effective alternative treatment of pain and may eliminate the need for procedural sedation. The hematoma block requires fewer emergency department resources and may decrease time and costs that are associated with procedural sedation and analgesia. This technique is easily performed by the emergency nurse practitioner, and complications are rare. This article presents the appropriate technique required to perform a hematoma block for pain control and fracture reduction in patients with closed traumatic injuries.

Effect of a theory-driven educational intervention on the level of knowledge, attitudes, and assessment practices regarding breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) management among medical nurses in Hong Kong.

PURPOSE: To examine the effect of an educational intervention intended to improve medical nurses' adherence to breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) assessment practices and their level of knowledge, attitudes and perceived assessment practices regarding BTCP management. METHODS: Nurses working in a regional hospital were recruited to this quasi-experimental study. The intervention group received a 3-h educational workshop and one session of individual clinical instruction, whilst the control group did not receive any intervention. Chart audits were performed to examine adherence to BTCP assessment practices as the primary outcome. A self-developed questionnaire was used to measure nurses' knowledge, attitudes and perceived assessment practices regarding BTCP management as the secondary outcomes. The chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used to compare the rate of adherence to BTCP assessment practices between groups. A generalised estimating equation was used to compare changes in knowledge, attitudes, and perceived assessment practices between groups over time. RESULTS: One hundred and five nurses completed the study. The chart audits revealed a significantly higher rate of adherence to BTCP assessment practices in the intervention group after the intervention (p < .05). The intervention group exhibited significant positive changes in scores for knowledge (ß = 25.49, p < .001), attitude (ß = 0.98 to 2.81, p < .01), and their perceived assessment practices (ß = 1.33 to 3.14, p < .002) when compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: This theory-driven educational intervention significantly improved the medical nurses' adherence to BTCP assessment practices and their level of knowledge attitudes and perceived assessment practices regarding BTCP management.